指标	数值
总人口	144,000,000–145,000,000 人UN DESA WPP [2024] 144,800,000 人·World Bank WDI [2024] 143,500,000 人
年龄中位数	39.9 年UN DESA WPP [2024]
预期寿命	73.2–73.4 年World Bank WDI [2024] 73.44 年·UNDP HDI [2023] 73.15 年
族群	俄罗斯族 77.7%，鞑靼族 3.7%，乌克兰族 1.4%，巴什基尔族 1.1%，楚瓦什族 1%，车臣族 1%，其他 10.2%，未指明 3.9%（2010年估计）；注：<strong>注：</strong>俄罗斯2010年人口普查中涵盖了近200个民族和/或族群CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
语言	俄罗斯语（官方） 85.7%，鞑靼语 3.2%，车臣语 1%，其他 10.1%（2010年估计）CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
宗教	俄罗斯东正教 15-20%，穆斯林 10-15%，其他基督教 2%（2006年估计）；注：<strong>注：</strong>估计值为实际信徒；俄罗斯有大量不从事宗教活动的信徒和非信徒，这是苏联统治下七十多年官方无神论的遗产；俄罗斯官方承认东正教、伊斯兰教、犹太教和佛教为国家的传统宗教CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
城市化	总人口的 75.3%(2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
人口增长	-0.203 %World Bank WDI [2024]
出生率	8.4 每1000World Bank WDI [2024]
死亡率	12.4 每1000World Bank WDI [2024]
城市人口	75.1 %World Bank WDI [2024]
语言 (结构化)	Abaza Abkhaz Aghul Akkala Saami Aleut Alutor Amur Nivkh Andi Archi Arin Arman Avar Bagvalal Balkan Romani Baltic Romani Bashkir Belarusian Bezhta Bolgarian Botlikh Central Mansi Central Romani Central Siberian Yupik Chamalal Chechen China Buriat Chinese Pidgin Russian Chirag Chukchi Church Slavic Chuvantsy Chuvash Crimean Tatar Digor Ossetian Dolgan Eastern Mari Eastern Yiddish Erzya Estonian Even Evenki Finnish Forest Enets Forest Nenets Gardabani Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Georgian Godoberi Halh Mongolian Hinuq Hunzib Ingrian Ingush Iron Ossetian Judeo-Tat Kabardian Kajtak Kamas-Koibal Karachay-Balkar Karata-Tukita Karelian Kazakh Kazym-Berezover-Suryskarer Khanty Kerek Ket Khakas Khamnigan Mongol Khwarshi-Inkhoqwari Kildin Saami Kilen Kipchak Urum Komi-Permyak Komi-Yazva Komi-Zyrian Korean Koryak Kott-Assan Kubachi Kumyk Kur-Urmi Kven Finnish Lak Latvian Lezgian Lithuanian Livvi Lomavren Lower Chulym Turkic Ludian Malyj Anjuj Omok Manchu Mandarin Chinese Mator-Taigi-Karagas Mednyj Aleut Moksha Mongolia Buriat Mrassu Shor-Tutal Muslim Tat Nanai Naukan Yupik Negidal Nganasan Nighvng Nogai North Azerbaijani North Saami North-Central Dargwa North-Central Talysh Northeast Itelmen Northern Akhvakh Northern Altai Northern Mansi Northern Yukaghir Norwegian Obdorsk Khanty Oirad-Kalmyk-Darkhat Old Russian Old Sirenik Oroch Orok Oroqen Pecheneg Polish Pumpokol Qushan Aghul Russia Buriat Russian Russian-Tajik Sign Language Rutul Sakha Selkup Siberian Tatar Sinte-Manus Romani Skolt Saami Solombala English South Itelmen Southern Akhvakh Southern Altai Southern Khanty Southern Mansi Southern Yukaghir Southwestern Dargwa Surgut Khanty Svan Tabasaran Taiga Sayan Turkic Taimyr Pidgin Russian Tatar Ter Saami Tindi Tsakhur Tsez Tundra Enets Tundra Nenets Tuvinian Udi Udihe Udmurt Ukrainian Ulch Vach-Vasjugan Veps Vlax Romani Votic West Circassian West Itelmen Western Mari Yugh Yugh (Retired) Glottolog [2026]