| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| ISO 3166 alpha-2 | PEISO 3166 [2024] |
| ISO 3166 alpha-3 | PERISO 3166 [2024] |
| Capital | LimaGeoNames [2024] |
| Continent | South AmericaGeoNames [2024] |
| Common name | PeruCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Official name | Republic of PeruCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Local name | PerúCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Etymology | the name may derive from the Guarani word biru, meaning "river"CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Government type | Presidential republicCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Independence | 28 July 1821 (from Spain)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 28-29 July (1821)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Head of state | Jose Maria BALCAZAR Zelada (Pres.)CIA World Leaders [2025] |
| Currency code (ISO 4217) | PENISO 4217 Currency Codes [2026] |
| Currency | SolISO 4217 Currency Codes [2026] |
| Administrative subdivisions | 26ISO 3166-2 Subdivisions [2026] |
| Subdivision names |
|
| Historical overview | "Research completed September 1992." Supercedes the 1981 ed. of Peru : a country study, edited by Richard F. Nyrop. Includes bibliographical references (p. 339-377) and index. Also available in digital form.LoC FRD Country Studies [2026] |
| National symbols | vicuna (a camelid related to the llama)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| National anthem | title: "Himno Nacional del Peru" (National Anthem of Peru); lyrics/music: Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO; history: adopted 1821CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| National colors | red, whiteCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Citizenship rules | citizenship by birth: yes; citizenship by descent only: yes; dual citizenship recognized: yes; residency requirement for naturalization: 2 yearsCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
the name may derive from the Guarani word biru, meaning "river"
description: three equal vertical bands of red (left side), white, and red, with the coat of arms centered on the white band; the coat of arms has a shield with a vicuna, a cinchona tree, and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins meaning: the vicuna represents fauna, the cinchona tree is the source of quinine, and the cornucopia symbolizes mineral wealth; red stands for blood shed for independence, and white for peace
Source: CIA World Factbook (Historical Archive — final edition) · CC0 · Edition 2026-05
