Indicator	Value
Total population	124,000,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 123,800,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 124,000,000 people
Median age	49.4 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	84–84.7 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 84.04 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 84.71 years
Ethnic groups	Japanese 97.5%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnam 0.4%, South Korean 0.3%, other 1.2% (includes Filipino, Brazilian, Nepalese, Indonesian, American, and Taiwanese) (2022 est.); note: data represent population by nationality; up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to BrazilCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	JapaneseCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Shintoism 48.6%, Buddhism 46.4%, Christianity 1.1%, other 4% (2021 est.); note: total adherents among persons claiming a religious affiliationCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	92% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	-0.436 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	5.7 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	13.3 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	92.2 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Amami O Shima Sign Language Bonin English Pidgin Central Okinawan Hachijo Hokkaido Ainu Japanese Japanese Sign Language Kagoshima Kikai Kunigami Kuril Ainu Miyako Miyakubo Sign Language Northern Amami-Oshima Oki-No-Erabu Old Japanese Orok Sakhalin Ainu Southern Amami-Oshima Toku-No-Shima Tsugaru Yaeyama Yokohama Pidgin Yonaguni Yoron Glottolog [2026]