Indicator	Value
Total population	3,480,000–3,520,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 3,476,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 3,525,000 people
Median age	26.9 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	71.7–72.4 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 72.4 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 71.73 years
Ethnic groups	Khalkh 83.8%, Kazak 3.8%, Durvud 2.6%, Bayad 2%, Buriad 1.4%, Zakhchin 1.2%, Dariganga 1.1%, other 4.1% (2020 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Mongolian 90% (official, Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Buddhist 51.8%, no religion 40.6%, Muslim 3.2%, Shaman 2.5%, Christian 1.3%, Other 0.6% (2020 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	69.1% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	1.25 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	16.9 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	5.5 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	71 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	China Buriat / Dagur / Evenki / Halh Mongolian / Kazakh / Khamnigan Mongol / Mandarin Chinese / Middle Mongol / Mongolia Buriat / Mongolian Sign Language / Oirad-Kalmyk-Darkhat / Old Turkish / Peripheral Mongolian / Russia Buriat / Russian / Southern Altai / Tuvinian / Uighur / Xiong-NuGlottolog [2026]