Indicator	Value
Total population	1,400,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 1,401,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 1,401,000 people
Median age	21.3 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	67.7–67.9 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 67.9 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 67.69 years
Ethnic groups	Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) (includes Tetun, Mambai, Tokodede, Galoli, Kemak, Baikeno), Melanesian-Papuan (includes Bunak, Fataluku, Bakasai), small Chinese minorityCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1.2%, Midiki 1.2%, other 4.5% (2015 est.); note: data represent population by mother tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official languages; Indonesian and English are working languages; there are about 32 indigenous languagesCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, Protestant Evangelical 1.9%; less than 1%: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu (2022 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	32.5% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	1.17 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	21.8 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	7.22 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	28.7 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Adabe / Baikeno / Bunak / Fataluku / Galoli-Talur / Habu / Idaté / Kairui-Midiki / Kemak / Lakalei / Makasae-Makalero / Maku'a / Mambae / Nauete / Nila / Tetum / Tetun Dili / Timor Pidgin / Tukudede / Uab Meto / Waima'a / WelaunGlottolog [2026]