| Total population | 7,490,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 7,494,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 7,494,000 people |
| Median age | 26.6 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024] |
| Life expectancy | 70.1–70.2 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 70.2 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 70.07 years |
| Ethnic groups | Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Languages | Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Religions | Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Urbanization | 54% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Population growth | 1.75 %World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Birth rate | 20.9 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Death rate | 5.84 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Urban population | 47.1 %World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Languages (structured) | Chagatai / Dari / Dungan / Kara-Kalpak / Kazakh / Northern Kurdish / Northern Uzbek / Russian / Southern Pashto / Turkmen / Western Balochi / Western FarsiGlottolog [2026] |