| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Electoral democracy index | 0.84 indexV-Dem [2025] |
| Liberal democracy index | 0.736 indexV-Dem [2025] |
| Government effectiveness | 1.76 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Rule of law | 1.46 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Control of corruption | 1.63 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Voice & accountability | 1.5 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Political stability | 0.598 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Regulatory quality | 1.36 indexWorld Bank WGI [2024] |
| Cabinet fragmentation index | 1 indexWB DPI [2023] |
| Governing majority margin | 0.503 %WB DPI [2020] |
| Parties in executive cabinet | 160WB DPI [2023] |
| Women in parliament | 30.7 %WB Gender [2024] |
| Constitutional history supplement | No authoritative open source found |
| Legal system | common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevailsCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
| Suffrage (voting rights) | 18 years of age; universalCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
consists of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions dating from 1763; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982
Source: CIA World Factbook (Historical Archive — final edition) · CC0 · Edition 2026-05
How to read these indices
V-Dem democracy indices range from 0 to 1 — higher values mean stronger democratic institutions. World Bank WGI governance estimates range from about −2.5 to +2.5, where higher is better. These are comparative indices across countries, not absolute scores.
