Electricity generation mix
- Coal54.3%
- Gas29.4%
- Hydro8.5%
- Wind4.7%
- Solar1.6%
- Other fossil1.5%
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| CO₂ emissions | 259 Mt CO₂World Bank WDI [2024] |
| CO₂ per capita | 12.6 t CO₂World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Renewable energy share | 2 %World Bank WDI [2021] |
| Energy use per capita | 3,650 kg oil-eqWorld Bank WDI [2023] |
| Freshwater withdrawal | 38.8 %World Bank WDI [2022] |
| Renewable electricity share | 14.9 %Ember [2025] |
| UNESCO World Heritage sites | 6 sitesUNESCO World Heritage [2025] |
| Mean annual temperature | 7.18 °CWorld Bank CCKP [2014] |
| Forest area (>10% canopy) | 5,880,000 haGlobal Forest Watch [2010] |
| Intangible cultural heritage elements | 14 elementsUNESCO ICH [2025] |
| Operating power capacity | 23,500 MWGlobal Energy Monitor [2025] |
| Renewable water resources per capita | 108 m³FAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — agriculture | 14.3 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — industry | 25.1 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — domestic | 6.45 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| CO2 emissions, total | 287–259,000 MtJRC EDGAR [2024] 258,800 Mt·Global Carbon Budget [2024] 287.2 Mt |
| CO2 emissions by sector |
|
| CO2 emissions, territorial | 287 MtGlobal Carbon Budget [2024] |
| CO2 emissions, consumption-based | 213 MtGlobal Carbon Budget [2023] |
| Significant earthquakes (recent) |
|
| Largest recent earthquake | No authoritative open source found |
| Active natural events | 4NASA EONET [2026] |
| Natural events by category | Wildfires: 4NASA EONET [2026] |
| Renewable energy share | 1.56 %WB SE4ALL [2015] |
| Oil production | 2,150 kbdEIA International Energy [2025] |
| Natural gas production | 29.3 bcmEIA International Energy [2024] |
| Coal production | 113 MtEIA International Energy [2024] |
| Environmental issues | radioactive or toxic chemical sites from former defense industries; severe industrial pollution in some cities; air and soil pollution (including dust storms) from chemical pesticides and natural salts left after two rivers were diverted; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals; salination from infrastructure and irrigation practices; water pollution; desertificationCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
