Indicator	Value
Total population	29,700,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 29,650,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 29,650,000 people
Median age	25 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	70.4–70.6 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 70.64 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 70.35 years
Ethnic groups	Chhettri 16.5%, Brahman-Hill 11.3%, Magar 6.9%, Tharu 6.2%, Tamang 5.6%, Bishwokarma 5%, Musalman 4.9%, Newar 4.6%, Yadav 4.2%, Rai 2.2%, Pariyar 1.9%, Gurung 1.9%, Thakuri 1.7%, Mijar 1.6%, Teli 1.5%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.4%, Chamar/Harijan/Ram 1.4%, Koiri/Kushwaha 1.2%, other 20% (2021 est.); note: 141 caste/ethnic groups were reported in the 2021 national censusCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9% (2021 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, Kirat 3.2%, Christian 1.8%; less than 1%:  Prakriti, Bon, Jains, Sikh (2021 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	21.9% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	-0.147 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	19 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	6.97 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	66.8 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Aimol Angika Athpariya Awadhi Bagheli Bahing Bantawa Baraamu Belhariya Bengali Bhojpuri Bodo-Mech Bote Bujhyal Byangsi Camling Chantyal Chaudangsi Chepang Chhulung Chintang Chitwania Tharu Dangaura Tharu Darai Darma Dewas-Done Danuwar Dhimal Dolpo Dotyali Dumi Dungmali Dura Dzongkha Eastern Gorkha Tamang Eastern Magar Eastern Mewahang Eastern Newari Eastern Parbate Kham Eastern Tamang Gamale Kham Ghandruk Sign Language Gurung Gyalsumdo-Nubri Hindi Humla Jerung Jhyankot Sign Language Jirel Jumla Sign Language Jumli Kagate Kaike Kathmandu Valley Newari Kathoriya Tharu Kayort Khaling Kharia Kochariya-East Danuwar Kochila Tharu Koi Kulung (Nepal) Kumaoni Kumhali Kurmukar Kusunda Kutang Ghale Kyerung Lambichhong Lamjung-Melamchi Yolmo Lepcha Lhomi Limbu Lohorung Lowa Lumba-Yakkha Maithili Majhi Manange Marwari (India) Maunabudhuk and Bodhe Local Sign Mugom Mundari Musasa Naaba Nachering Nar Phu Nepalese Sign Language Nepali Northern Ghale Northwestern Tamang Pahari Newari Palpa Phangduwali Pongyong Puma Rajbanshi Raji Rana Tharu Raute Rawat Sampang Santali Seke (Nepal) Sheshi Kham Solu-Khumbu Sherpa Sonha Southern Ghale Southern Yamphu Southwestern Tamang Sunwar Thakali Thangmi Thudam Thulung Tibetan Tichurong Tilung Tsum Waling Walungge Wambule Wayu Western Magar Western Mewahang Western Parbate Kham Western Tamang Yakkha Yamphe Yamphu Glottolog [2026]