Electricity generation mix
- Gas44.7%
- Coal18.4%
- Nuclear18.3%
- Hydro16.7%
- Other fossil1.2%
- Wind0.3%
- Solar0.2%
- Bioenergy0.1%
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| CO₂ emissions | 2,010 Mt CO₂World Bank WDI [2024] |
| CO₂ per capita | 14 t CO₂World Bank WDI [2024] |
| Renewable energy share | 3.5 %World Bank WDI [2021] |
| Energy use per capita | 5,500 kg oil-eqWorld Bank WDI [2023] |
| Freshwater withdrawal | 1.5 %World Bank WDI [2022] |
| Renewable electricity share | 17.4 %Ember [2025] |
| UNESCO World Heritage sites | 33 sitesUNESCO World Heritage [2025] |
| Mean annual temperature | -2.99 °CWorld Bank CCKP [2014] |
| Forest area (>10% canopy) | 870,000,000 haGlobal Forest Watch [2010] |
| Intangible cultural heritage elements | 2 elementsUNESCO ICH [2025] |
| Operating power capacity | 238,000 MWGlobal Energy Monitor [2025] |
| Renewable water resources per capita | 4,530 m³FAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — agriculture | 18.6 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — industry | 64.8 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| Water withdrawal — domestic | 9.23 bcmFAO AQUASTAT [2022] |
| CO2 emissions, total | 1,780–2,010,000 MtJRC EDGAR [2024] 2,009,000 Mt·Global Carbon Budget [2024] 1,782 Mt |
| CO2 emissions by sector |
|
| CO2 emissions, territorial | 1,780 MtGlobal Carbon Budget [2024] |
| CO2 emissions, consumption-based | 1,410 MtGlobal Carbon Budget [2023] |
| Significant earthquakes (recent) |
|
| Largest recent earthquake | M8.8 (2025) — 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia EarthquakeUSGS Earthquakes [2025] |
| Active natural events | 95NASA EONET [2026] |
| Natural events by category | Wildfires: 90 / Volcanoes: 4 / Floods: 1NASA EONET [2026] |
| Renewable energy share | 3.3 %WB SE4ALL [2015] |
| Oil production | 10,500 kbdEIA International Energy [2025] |
| Natural gas production | 642 bcmEIA International Energy [2024] |
| Coal production | 476 MtEIA International Energy [2024] |
| Environmental issues | air pollution from heavy industry, coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals; nuclear waste disposal; scattered areas of radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid-waste management; abandoned stocks of pesticidesCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive |
