Indicator	Value
Total population	36,600,000–38,500,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 38,540,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 36,560,000 people
Median age	41.8 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	78.4–78.6 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 78.41 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 78.63 years
Ethnic groups	Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.); note: represents ethnicity declared firstCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2% (2011 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Roman Catholic 70.7%, refused to answer 20.9%, no religion 6.9%; less than 1 percent: Orthodox, Jehovah Witness, Evangelic of Augsburg, Greek Catholic, Pentecostal, other Protestant, not stated, old Catholic Mariavite Church, other Christians, Islam, Buddhist, Polish Catholic Church, other, Baptist Union of Poland, Pagan, Seventh Day Adventist, Hindu, other Catholic (2021 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	60.2% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	-0.35 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	6.9 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	11.2 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	60 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Balkan Romani / Baltic Romani / Belarusian / Central Romani / Czech / Eastern Yiddish / Esperanto / German / Kashubian / Lithuanian / Lower Silesian / Old Prussian / Polish / Polish Sign Language / Russian / Rusyn / Silesian / Sinte-Manus Romani / Slovak / Ukrainian / Vlax Romani / WymysorysGlottolog [2026]