Indicator	Value
Total population	47,900,000–48,800,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 47,910,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 48,850,000 people
Median age	45.4 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	83.7–83.9 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 83.89 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 83.67 years
Ethnic groups	Spanish 84.8%, Moroccan 1.7%, Romanian 1.2%, other 12.3% (2021 est.); note: data represent population by country of birthCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakersCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	81.6% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	1.02 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	6.5 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	8.9 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	80.3 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Andalusian Arabic Aragonese Asturian-Leonese-Cantabrian Basque Calo Caló Catalan Catalan Sign Language Celtiberian Extremaduran Fala Galician Guanche Iberian Lusitanian Mirandese Mozarabic North Picene Occitan Old Spanish Portuguese Quinqui Roquetas Pidgin Spanish Spanish Spanish Sign Language Tarifiyt-Beni-Iznasen-Eastern Middle Atlas Berber Valencian Sign Language Vlax Romani Glottolog [2026]