Indicator	Value
Total population	19,000,000–19,100,000 peopleUN DESA WPP [2024] 19,020,000 people·World Bank WDI [2024] 19,050,000 people
Median age	42.9 yearsUN DESA WPP [2024]
Life expectancy	75.9–76.5 yearsWorld Bank WDI [2024] 76.46 years·UNDP HDI [2023] 75.94 years
Ethnic groups	Romanian 89.3%, Hungarian 6%, Romani 3.4%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, other 0.9% (2021 est.); note: data represent individuals who declared an ethnic group in the 2021 national census; 13% did not respond; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's populationCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Languages	Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Religions	Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5%, other 4.7% (2021 est.); note: data represent individuals who declared a religion in the 2021 national census; 13.9% did not respondCIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Urbanization	54.7% of total population (2023)CIA World Factbook [2025] · 2026 archive
Population growth	-0.0486 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Birth rate	7.5 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Death rate	12.8 per 1,000World Bank WDI [2024]
Urban population	52.2 %World Bank WDI [2024]
Languages (structured)	Aromanian / Balkan Romani / Bavarian / Bulgarian / Central Romani / Crimean Tatar / Dacian / Eastern Yiddish / Gagauz / German / Gheg Albanian / Hungarian / Krymchak / Ladino / Modern Greek / Romanian / Romanian Sign Language / Russian / Rusyn / Sinte-Manus Romani / Ukrainian / Vlax RomaniGlottolog [2026]